To: Potential Users of Leadership Orientations Instruments
From: Lee Bolman
Subject: Permissions and How to Use
I. Permission
On request, we routinely grant permission for non-commercial, research use of the Bolman and Deal Leadership Orientations Survey Instruments. We do ask that users agree to provide us with copies of any publication, thesis or research report that they produce using data from our Instruments, and that they submit to us, if we request it, a copy of their data file. Write to lee@bolman.com to request permission.
II. Using the Instruments
The Leadership Orientations comes in parallel versions: Self (for people to rate themselves) and Others (for ratings from colleagues). They can be downloaded here: Ldror self and other 698. Research has found that the validity of self-ratings of leadership is generally low, so there is a considerable advantage in getting colleague ratings.
Both versions have three sections:
Section I:
This section contains rating scales, and the items are in a consistent frame sequence: structural (items 1,5,9,13,17,21,25,29), human resource (items 2, 6, etc.), political (items 3, 7,…), symbolic (items 4, 8…).
There are also sub-scales within each frame, again in a consistent sequence: analytic (items 1, 9, 17, 25), supportive (2, 10, 18, 26), powerful (items 3, 11,19,27), inspirational (4,12,20,28), organized (5,13,21,29), participative(6,14,22,30), adroit(7,15,23,31), charismatic (8,16,24,32). In our own research, we have primarily used the 8-item frame measures. We have primarily used the 4-item sub-scales for management development rather than research applications.
Section II.
The second section contains six forced-choice items. The options under each item are arranged in the same sequence: structural, human resource, political, symbolic.
Section III.
This section has two one-item measures: effectiveness as a manager, and effectiveness as a leader. (Expanding the number of items to measure effectiveness would be a good way to strengthen the instrument, and we encourage users to do that.)
Reliability of Leadership Orientations Scales:
Reliability statistics for Leadership Orientations (Based on approximately 1,300 colleague ratings for a multi-sector sample of managers in business and education).
Structural Frame (Section I)
Data below are based on 1309 complete cases for 8 data items.
TEST SCORE STATISTICS
|
|
Total |
Total/8 |
Odd |
Even |
|
Mean |
32.493 |
4.062 |
16.412 |
16.081 |
|
Standard Deviation |
5.703 |
0.713 |
2.917 |
2.974 |
|
Standard Error |
0.158 |
0.020 |
0.081 |
0.082 |
|
Maximum |
40.000 |
5.000 |
20.000 |
20.000 |
|
Minimum |
8.000 |
1.000 |
4.000 |
4.000 |
|
Number of Cases |
1309 |
1309 |
1309 |
1309 |
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY DATA
Split Half Correlation: .875
Spearman Brown Coefficient .933
Guttman (Rulon) Coefficient .933
Coefficient Alpha (All Items) .920
Coefficient Alpha (Odd Items) .856
Coefficient Alpha (Even Items) .834
ITEM RELIABILITY STATISTICS (Item excluding standard total reliability this item.)
|
Item |
Label |
Mean |
Deviation |
Item/total R |
Index |
R excl. item |
Alpha |
|
1 |
1 THI |
4.204 |
0.761 |
.733 |
.589 |
.710 |
.911 |
|
2 |
9 LOG |
4.120 |
0.867 |
.829 |
.719 |
.771 |
.906 |
|
3 |
17 FA |
4.159 |
0.843 |
.852 |
.718 |
.802 |
.904 |
|
4 |
25 AT |
3.872 |
0.964 |
.781 |
.753 |
.700 |
.912 |
|
5 |
5 CAR |
4.061 |
0.924 |
.823 |
.761 |
.759 |
.907 |
|
6 |
13 CL |
4.008 |
0.903 |
.845 |
.763 |
.789 |
.904 |
|
7 |
21 SP |
3.988 |
0.949 |
.795 |
.755 |
.720 |
.910 |
|
8 |
29 CL |
4.081 |
0.902 |
.716 |
.646 |
.625 |
.918 |
Human Resource Frame (Section I)
Data below are based on 1331 complete cases for 8 data items.
TEST SCORE STATISTICS
|
|
Total |
Total/8 |
Odd |
Even |
|
Mean |
32.458 |
4.057 |
16.334 |
16.124 |
|
Standard Deviation |
6.303 |
0.788 |
3.267 |
3.256 |
|
Standard Error |
0.173 |
0.022 |
0.090 |
0.089 |
|
Maximum |
40.000 |
5.000 |
20.000 |
20.000 |
|
Minimum |
8.000 |
1.000 |
4.000 |
4.000 |
|
Number of Cases |
1331 |
1331 |
1331 |
1331 |
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY DATA
Split Half Correlation .867
Spearman Brown Cofficient .929
Guttman (Rulon) Coefficient .929
Coefficient Alpha (All Items) .931
Coefficient Alpha (Odd Items) .902
Coefficient Alpha (Even Items) .843
ITEM RELIABILITY STATISTICS (Item excluding standard total reliability this item.)
|
Item |
Label |
Mean |
Deviation |
Item/total R |
Index |
R excl. item |
Alpha |
|
1 |
2 HIG |
4.226 |
0.866 |
.853 |
.738 |
.807 |
.919 |
|
2 |
10 HI |
4.064 |
1.005 |
.864 |
.867 |
.813 |
.918 |
|
3 |
18 HE |
4.116 |
0.908 |
.870 |
.791 |
.827 |
.918 |
|
4 |
26 GI |
4.077 |
1.011 |
.758 |
.767 |
.676 |
.929 |
|
5 |
6 BUI |
3.925 |
1.002 |
.844 |
.846 |
.788 |
.920 |
|
6 |
14 HI |
3.936 |
0.959 |
.780 |
.748 |
.708 |
.929 |
|
7 |
22 LI |
4.067 |
0.935 |
.838 |
.783 |
.784 |
.921 |
|
8 |
30 HI |
4.046 |
0.974 |
.783 |
.763 |
.710 |
.926 |
Political Frame (Section I)
Data below are based on 1268 complete cases for 8 data items.
TEST SCORE STATISTICS
|
|
Total |
Total/8 |
Odd |
Even |
|
Mean |
31.391 |
3.924 |
15.875 |
15.517 |
|
Standard Deviation |
5.739 |
0.717 |
2.961 |
3.027 |
|
Standard Error |
0.161 |
0.020 |
0.083 |
0.085 |
|
Maximum |
40.000 |
5.000 |
20.000 |
20.000 |
|
Minimum |
8.000 |
1.000 |
4.000 |
4.000 |
|
Number of Cases |
1268 |
1268 |
1268 |
1268 |
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY DATA
Split Half Correlation .837
Spearman Brown Coefficient .911
Guttman (Rulon) Coefficient .911
Coefficient Alpha (All Items) .913
Coefficient Alpha (Odd Items) .839
Coefficient Alpha (Even Items) .842
ITEM RELIABILITY STATISTICS (Item excluding standard total reliability this item.)
|
Item |
Label |
Mean |
Deviation |
Item/total R |
Index |
R excl. item |
Alpha |
|
1 |
3 MOB |
4.039 |
0.889 |
.794 |
.705 |
.725 |
.901 |
|
2 |
11 PE |
3.812 |
0.922 |
.793 |
.732 |
.721 |
.901 |
|
3 |
19 GE |
4.006 |
0.883 |
.798 |
.705 |
.730 |
.900 |
|
4 |
27 DE |
3.956 |
0.927 |
.786 |
.729 |
.711 |
.902 |
|
5 |
7 SKI |
3.909 |
0.915 |
.779 |
.712 |
.702 |
.903 |
|
6 |
15 AD |
3.731 |
0.964 |
.789 |
.761 |
.711 |
,902 |
|
7 |
23 PO |
3.922 |
0.920 |
.775 |
.713 |
.697 |
.903 |
|
8 |
32 SU |
4.018 |
0.859 |
.795 |
.683 |
.728 |
.901 |
Symbolic frame (Section I)
Data below are based on 1315 complete cases for 8 data items.
TEST SCORE STATISTICS
|
|
Total |
Total/8 |
Odd |
Even |
|
Mean |
31.382 |
3.923 |
15.923 |
15.459 |
|
Standard Deviation |
6.325 |
0.791 |
3.137 |
3.384 |
|
Standard Error |
0.174 |
0.022 |
0.087 |
0.093 |
|
Maximum |
40.000 |
5.000 |
20.000 |
20.000 |
|
Minimum |
8.000 |
1.000 |
4.000 |
4.000 |
|
Number of Cases |
1315 |
1315 |
1315 |
1315 |
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY DATA
Split Half Correlation .882
Spearman Brown Coefficient .937
Guttman (Rulon) Coefficient .936
Coefficient Alpha (All Items) .931
Coefficient Alpha (Odd Items) .846
Coefficient Alpha (Even Items) .887
ITEM RELIABILITY STATISTICS (Item excluding standard total reliability this item.)
|
Item |
Label |
Mean |
Deviation |
Item/total R |
Index |
R excl. item |
Alpha |
|
1 |
14 INS |
4.064 |
0.906 |
.830 |
.751 |
.776 |
.920 |
|
2 |
12 IN |
3.805 |
0.995 |
.872 |
.868 |
.825 |
.916 |
|
3 |
20 VI |
4.084 |
0.931 |
.805 |
.750 |
.743 |
.923 |
|
4 |
28 GE |
3.935 |
1.000 |
.846 |
.846 |
.790 |
.919 |
|
5 |
8 CHA |
3.806 |
1.027 |
.760 |
.780 |
.677 |
/928 |
|
6 |
16 HI |
3.769 |
0.937 |
.798 |
.749 |
.734 |
.923 |
|
7 |
24 SE |
3.968 |
0.925 |
.815 |
.754 |
.755 |
.922 |
|
8 |
32 MO |
3.951 |
0.983 |
.842 |
.827 |
.786 |
.919 |
Structural Frame (Section II forced-choice)
Data below are based on 1229 complete cases for 6 data items.
TEST SCORE STATISTICS
|
|
Total |
Total/8 |
Odd |
Even |
|
Mean |
15.773 |
2.629 |
8.543 |
7.230 |
|
Standard Deviation |
4.955 |
0.826 |
2.570 |
2.893 |
|
Standard Error |
0.141 |
0.024 |
0.073 |
0.083 |
|
Maximum |
24.000 |
4.000 |
12.000 |
12.000 |
|
Minimum |
6.000 |
1.000 |
3.000 |
3.000 |
|
Number of Cases |
1229 |
1229 |
1229 |
1229 |
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY DATA
Split Half Correlation .644
Spearman Brown Coefficient .783
Guttman (Rulon) Coefficient .780
Coefficient Alpha (All Items) .841
Coefficient Alpha (Odd Items) .743
Coefficient Alpha 9 (Even Items) .782
ITEM RELIABILITY STATISTICS (Item excluding standard total reliability this item.)
|
Item |
Label |
Mean |
Deviation |
Item/total R |
Index |
R excl. item |
Alpha |
|
1 |
II1 ANALY |
2.716 |
1.134 |
.819 |
.929 |
.718 |
.795 |
|
2 |
II2 TECHN |
2.271 |
1.212 |
.729 |
.884 |
.578 |
.825 |
|
3 |
II3 MAKEG |
2.854 |
1.040 |
.666 |
.692 |
.521 |
.833 |
|
4 |
II4 ATTEN |
2.340 |
1.168 |
.751 |
.877 |
.616 |
.816 |
|
5 |
II5 CLEAR |
2.972 |
0.984 |
.690 |
.678 |
.561 |
.826 |
|
6 |
II6 ANALY |
2.619 |
1.084 |
.825 |
.894 |
.731 |
.793 |
Human resource frame (Section II forced-choice)
Data below are based on 1233 complete cased for 6 data items.
TEST SCORE STATISTICS
|
|
Total |
Total/8 |
Odd |
Even |
|
Mean |
16.369 |
2.728 |
8.018 |
8.351 |
|
Standard Deviation |
4.852 |
0.809 |
2.412 |
2.765 |
|
Standard Error |
0.138 |
0.023 |
0.069 |
0.079 |
|
Maximum |
24.000 |
4.000 |
12.000 |
12.000 |
|
Minimum |
6.000 |
1.000 |
3.000 |
3.000 |
|
Number of Cases |
1233 |
1233 |
1233 |
1233 |
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY DATA
Split Half Correlation .755
Spearman Brown Coefficient .861
Guttman (Rulon) Coefficient .856
Coefficient Alpha (All Items) .843
Coefficient Alpha (Odd Items) .626
Coefficient Alpha (Even Items) .792
ITEM RELIABILITY STATISTICS (Item excluding standard total reliability this item.)
|
Item |
Label |
Mean |
Deviation |
Item/total R |
Index |
R excl. item |
Alpha |
|
1 |
II1 INTER |
2.721 |
1.075 |
.785 |
.844 |
.673 |
.808 |
|
2 |
II2 GOODL |
2.682 |
1.065 |
.728 |
.775 |
.595 |
.823 |
|
3 |
II3 COACH |
2.450 |
1.030 |
.467 |
.481 |
.277 |
.878 |
|
4 |
II4 CONCE |
2.828 |
1.069 |
.829 |
.887 |
.737 |
.795 |
|
5 |
II5 CARIN |
2.847 |
1.083 |
.842 |
.912 |
.754 |
.791 |
|
6 |
II6 HUMAN |
2.841 |
1.254 |
.826 |
.953 |
.722 |
.797 |
Political frame (Section II forced-choice)
Data below are based on 1218 complete cases for 6 data items.
TEST SCORE STATISTICS
|
|
Total |
Total/8 |
Odd |
Even |
|
Mean |
14.300 |
2.383 |
6.720 |
7.580 |
|
Standard Deviation |
4.720 |
0.787 |
2.747 |
2.358 |
|
Standard Error |
0.135 |
0.023 |
0.079 |
0.068 |
|
Maximum |
24.000 |
4.000 |
12.000 |
12.000 |
|
Minimum |
6.000 |
1.000 |
3.000 |
3.000 |
|
Number of Cases |
1218 |
1218 |
1218 |
1218 |
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY DATA
Split Half Correlation .708
Spearman Brown Coefficient .829
Guttman (Rulon) Coefficient .824
Coefficient Alpha (All Items) .799
Coefficient Alpha (Odd Items) .680
Coefficient Alpha (Even Items) .602
ITEM RELIABILITY STATISTICS (Item excluding standard total reliability this item.)
|
Item |
Label |
Mean |
Deviation |
Item/total R |
Index |
R excl. item |
Alpha |
|
1 |
II1 POLIT |
2.264 |
1.148 |
.800 |
.919 |
.681 |
.736 |
|
2 |
II2 SKILL |
2.656 |
1.004 |
.670 |
.673 |
.525 |
.774 |
|
3 |
II3 BUILD |
2.432 |
1.214 |
.681 |
.826 |
.501 |
.781 |
|
4 |
II4 ABILI |
2.730 |
1.010 |
.559 |
.565 |
.385 |
.802 |
|
5 |
II5 TOUGH |
2.025 |
1.155 |
.714 |
.825 |
.557 |
.767 |
|
6 |
II6 POLIT |
2.194 |
1.140 |
.800 |
.912 |
.681 |
.736 |
Symbolic frame (Section II forced-choice)
Data below are based on 1221 complete cases for 6 data items.
TEST SCORE STATISTICS
|
|
Total |
Total/8 |
Odd |
Even |
|
Mean |
14.400 |
2.400 |
9.663 |
7.135 |
|
Standard Deviation |
5.413 |
0.773 |
3.147 |
2.517 |
|
Standard Error |
0.155 |
0.022 |
0.090 |
0.072 |
|
Maximum |
24.000 |
4.000 |
16.000 |
12.000 |
|
Minimum |
6.000 |
1.000 |
4.000 |
3.000 |
|
Number of Cases |
1221 |
1221 |
1221 |
1221 |
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY DATA
Split Half Correlation .825
Spearman Brown Coefficient .904
Guttman (Rulon) Coefficient .892
Coefficient Alpha (All Items) .842
Coefficient Alpha (Odd Items) .701
Coefficient Alpha (Even Items) .682
ITEM RELIABILITY STATISTICS (Item excluding standard total reliability this item.)
|
Item |
Label |
Mean |
Deviation |
Item/total R |
Index |
R excl. item |
Alpha |
|
1 |
II1 ALIBI |
2.410 |
1.054 |
.736 |
.776 |
.624 |
.816 |
|
2 |
II2 INSPI |
2.514 |
1.132 |
.841 |
.952 |
.760 |
.793 |
|
3 |
II3 ENERG |
2.375 |
1.116 |
.789 |
.880 |
.688 |
.806 |
|
4 |
II4 CHARI |
2.241 |
1.118 |
.605 |
.677 |
.447 |
.843 |
|
5 |
II5 IMAGI |
2.246 |
0.963 |
.566 |
.545 |
.426 |
.844 |
|
6 |
II6 VISIO |
2.498 |
1.027 |
.615 |
.631 |
.475 |
.838 |